I am emailing a link of this to everyone on the class list every week. If you are not receiving these emails or want to have them sent to another email address feel free to email me at jpmccarthymaths@gmail.com and I will add you to the mailing list.

Linear Algebra — Test Solutions

More comments on Linear Algebra next week but until then here are the solutions to the test.

Week 12

We spoke about sampling in more detail and also introduced control charts.

Week 13

We will hold a review class on Wednesday 7 May in the usual room. First off, the layout of your exam is the same as Autumn 2013: do question one worth 50/100 and two out of questions two, three, four; each worth 25/100.

I will field any questions ye might have at this time and if there are no questions we will do this exam paper. The best possible thing for your study is to do this exam paper and then on Wednesday see how you got on.

Formulae to Learn?

I spoke about asking Dr. Michael Brennan about putting the confidence interval formula on the exam paper… I just realised this is moot as the exams have already gone for printing. Therefore there are two formulae you will need to know.

The first is the confidence interval for small samples (here I give three presentations):

$\bar{x}\pm t\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}$

$\bar{x}-t\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}\leq \mu\leq \bar{x}+t\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}$

$\left[\bar{x}-t\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}},\bar{x}+t\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}\right]$

Here $\bar{x}$ is the sample mean, $n$ is the sample size, $t$ is a number of standard deviations, read from a table, depending on $n-1$ and the level of uncertainty. $\sigma$ is the population standard deviation which we approximate using the sample standard deviation, $\sigma\approx s$. Finally $\mu$ is the population mean, the number we are trying to get a handle on.

The second set of formulae are like confidence intervals for the control charts aka the inner and outer control limits (ICL & OCL). These should be considered versions of the above formula and I will display them as such… the $A_i$ depends on the level of uncertainty and the sample size, and plays the role of $\frac{t}{\sqrt{n}}$, while the mean range, $\bar{w}$, is a measure of the spread\deviation of the data, and plays the role of $\sigma$. The role of $\bar{x}$ is played by $\bar{\bar{x}}$ — the grand mean:

ICL: $\bar{\bar{x}}\pm A_{0.025}\bar{w}$,

OCL: $\bar{\bar{x}}\pm A_{0.001}\bar{w}$

ICL: $\bar{\bar{x}}- A_{0.025}\bar{w}\leq \bar{x}\leq \bar{\bar{x}}+ A_{0.025}\bar{w}$,

OCL: $\bar{\bar{x}}- A_{0.001}\bar{w}\leq \bar{x}\leq \bar{\bar{x}}+ A_{0.001}\bar{w}$

ICL: $[\bar{\bar{x}}- A_{0.025}\bar{w}, \bar{\bar{x}}+ A_{0.025}\bar{w}]$,

OCL: $[\bar{\bar{x}}- A_{0.001}\bar{w}, \bar{\bar{x}}+ A_{0.001}\bar{w}]$

Here $\bar{\bar{x}}$ is the grand mean — that is the mean of all the data — which may conveniently be calculated as the mean of the sample means. The $A_{i}$ are numbers read from a table, depending on the sample size $n$$\bar{w}$ is the mean range — the mean of the sample ranges. Finally $\bar{x}$ is a sample mean.

The smaller numbers are the lower limits and the larger numbers are the upper limits.

Independent Learning: Exercices

You are supposed to be working outside of class and I am supposed to help you with this. Working outside of class means doing the exercises in the notes. Any work that is handed up will be corrected by me. Also you can ask me a question here on this site and I will answer it ASAP.

Questions that you can do at this point include:

• P. 130 Q. 1-13
• P.139, Q. 1-7, particularly Q. 1

I wouldn’t necessarily advise looking at ALL of these questions: I would focus on the exam questions over the other questions.

Those in danger of failing need to use the Academic Learning Centre. As you can see from the timetable there is evening support. You will get best results if you come to the helpers there with specific questions.

Math.Stack Exchange

If you find yourself stuck and for some reason feel unable to ask me the question you could do worse than go to the excellent site math.stackexchange.com. If you are nice and polite, and show due deference to these principles you will find that your questions are answered promptly.

If you look in the module descriptor, you will see there is some suggested reading. Of course I think my notes are perfect but if you can look here, search for ‘Bird Higher Engineering’ you will see that the library have an E-Book resource.